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Instruction of Industrial Steam Turbine
工業(yè)汽輪起安裝說明書Installation Instruction of Industrial Steam Turbine
原創(chuàng)文章：青島希尼爾翻譯公司 http://www.shreekrishnajewellers.com
2014-11-18
（非涉密內(nèi)容）
Chapter I
Summary
The series of turbines are single
double array curtis stage double supported back pressure turbine, and can be
utilized to drive various feed pumps, compressors, fans and generators.
The series of turbines include H series and T series
industrial steam turbines, with a broad applicable scope of parameters,
wherein, inlet steam pressure ranges from 0.15 to 1.6MPa; exhaust pressure
ranges from 0.1 to 0.3MPa(absolute pressure); and power ranges from 200kW
and 2,000kW.
An industrial steam turbine of the series essentially
comprises the following parts: turbine proper and chassis. For details,
refer to the List of Supplied Items.
The turbine proper can be either directly connected with the driven machine via coupling, or indirectly connected via a reducer. A speed governing system consists of an electronic speed governor and a mechanical level direct-acting governing valve. The electronic speed governor consists of a HTD industrial steam turbine controller(hereinafter referred to as controller) and an electronic actuator. The controller receives speed load signals, and can realize automatic control of turbine speed and load (for details, refer to the Controller Manul). As the speed governing system adopts a pure electronic speed governor, it has the advantages of large governing range, high precision, strong stability, safety and reliability.
The unit shall be better installed in
a single layer plant. Inlet and exhaust pipelines of H series industrial
steam turbines are arranged on the same side of the turbines, and that of T
series industrial steam turbines may be either installed on the same or
different side of the turbines.
In summary of the above, the unit has
the advantages of safety, reliability, quick startup, compact structure,
convenience, low comprehensive investment, simple maintenance and high
automation.
The Manual is only used to help user
better know performance and characteristics of the unit, and for reference
when the user or the installation unit is compiling a more specific
regulations on installation and operation.
Chapter II Introduction
to Technical Specification and Structure
Section I Technical
Specification
Model of the industrial steam turbine:
B0.2~B2.0 (determined by thermal calculation)
Inlet steam
pressure: 0.5~1.6MPa(determined by thermal calculation)
Inlet steam
temperature: 260~
Inlet steam flow:
2~25t/h(determined by thermal calculation)
Exhaust pressure: 0.1~0.3Mpa(absolute
pressure)(determined by thermal calculation)
Rated
power: 200~2,000kW(determined by thermal calculation)
Speed: 2,000~3,100rpm
Turbine steering: clockwise along the
direction of steam
Machine to be driven: provided by the
user
Lube oil: turbine oil 30#
Section II Thermal System
Steam from extraction pipe of an
industrial steam turbine of the power plant enters main stop valve of the
industrial steam turbine through isolation valve and enters a cylinder. The
steam powered by nozzle block and impulse impeller enters a deaerator or a
heater. Condensed drain from valve assembly and the cylinder are directly
drained to a trench. The front and rear gland leakage of H series industrial
steam turbines is directly emitted to the exhaust pipes of such turbines,
and then enters their respective deaerator or heater. The front and rear
gland leakage of T series industrial steam turbines is emitted to the
exhaust pipes of such turbines through a steam gland extractor, and then
enters their respective deaerator or heater.
Section III Turbine Proper
Made of cast steel, the turbine cylinder is divided into cylinder cover and cylinder base. The cylinder cover is a integrity, and the cylinder base consists of a steam chamber and an exhaust hood. The steam chamber and the exhaust hood is electrically welded into a whole with bolts.
Front and rear bearing housings are, as vertical semicircle flanges, connected with front and rear flanges of the cylinder with bolts and dowels. An elastic support is arranged on the cylinder base of the front bearing housing. These parts are arranged on the chassis to form a turbine stator. The rear bearing housing and the chassis are positioned by dowels to form the dead point for thermal expansion of the turbine stator. The elastic support on the lower part of the front bearing housing can absorb axial displacement of the turbine stator caused by thermal expansion. Rotors are axially positioned on the stator by a thrust bearing to form relative dead points.
Turbine rotors are respectively arranged below the sliding bearings on the front and rear bearing housings. A sliding bearing consists of rotors and impeller blades. Turbine rotors, the nozzle block(arranged within the steam chamber) and a steering guide blade ring consistute the flow path of the turbine. The impellers are positioned on the rotors by hot charging process. One end of a rotor is equipped with a joint shaft, on which an emergency governor and a speed transmitting wheel are arranged.
Radial bearing of the turbine is a
shell bearing adopting unforced lubrication which produces lube oil by an
oil ring. The front bearing is also provided with a thrust bearing (deep
groove ball bearing) to bear axial thrust, and its lube oil is sourced from
return oil of the front radial bearing.
Turbine’s gland system consists of
front gland and rear gland. Gland of H series industrial steam turbines
adopts new carboloy ring mechanical seal structure, while both front and
rear glands of T series industrial steam turbines apply stainless steel
gland strip.
第一章
概述
本系列汽輪機(jī)是單一雙列復(fù)速級(jí)雙支點(diǎn)背壓式汽輪機(jī)，可用來拖動(dòng)各類給水泵、壓縮機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)及發(fā)電機(jī)。
本系列汽輪機(jī)包括H系列和T系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)，其參數(shù)適用范圍比較廣泛，進(jìn)汽壓力在0.15～1.6
MPa之間，排汽壓力為0.1～0.3
MPa(絕對(duì)壓力)，功率從200
kW直至2000 kW。
本系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)由下列主要部套組成：汽輪機(jī)本體、底盤、詳見供應(yīng)項(xiàng)目清單。
汽輪機(jī)本體與被拖動(dòng)機(jī)械可直接用聯(lián)軸器相聯(lián)，也可通過減速箱過渡相聯(lián)，調(diào)速系統(tǒng)由電子調(diào)速器與機(jī)械杠桿直動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)汽閥組成。電子調(diào)速器由HTD工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)控制器(以下簡(jiǎn)稱控制器)和電子執(zhí)行器組成。控制器接收轉(zhuǎn)速負(fù)荷信號(hào)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)汽輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、負(fù)荷進(jìn)行自動(dòng)控制(詳見控制器說明書)。由于本調(diào)速系統(tǒng)采用純電子式調(diào)速器，因此調(diào)速范圍大，精確度高，穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)，安全可靠。
機(jī)組宜安裝在單層布置的廠房中，H系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)汽及排汽管道在汽輪機(jī)同側(cè)，T系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)汽及排汽管道可在汽輪機(jī)同側(cè)或異側(cè)。
綜上所述，本機(jī)組具有安全可靠、快速啟動(dòng)、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、安全方便、綜合投資低及維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)便，自動(dòng)化程度高等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
本說明僅用來幫助用戶更方便地了解本機(jī)組的性能和特點(diǎn)，用于作為用戶和安裝單位編制更詳細(xì)的安裝和操作規(guī)程時(shí)參考。
第二章
技術(shù)規(guī)范及結(jié)構(gòu)介紹
第一節(jié)
技術(shù)規(guī)范
工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)型號(hào)：B0.2～B2.0
（由熱力計(jì)算給定）
進(jìn)汽壓力：0.5～1.6MPa(
由熱力計(jì)算給定)
進(jìn)汽溫度：260～
進(jìn)汽流量：2～25t/h
(由熱力計(jì)算給定)
排汽壓力：0.1～0.3Mpa
(絕對(duì)壓力)(由熱力計(jì)算給定)
額定功率：200～2000kW(由熱力計(jì)算給定)
轉(zhuǎn)速范圍：2000～3100轉(zhuǎn)／分
被拖動(dòng)機(jī)械：用戶提供
潤(rùn)滑油液：30#透平油
第二節(jié)
熱力系統(tǒng)
根據(jù)工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)的用途不同，進(jìn)汽與排汽聯(lián)接系統(tǒng)方式有相應(yīng)的變化，現(xiàn)以熱電廠用工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)給水泵或循環(huán)水泵為例，簡(jiǎn)述熱力系統(tǒng)如下：
來自電廠汽輪機(jī)工業(yè)抽汽管的蒸汽，通過隔離閥至工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)主汽閥并進(jìn)入汽缸。經(jīng)噴嘴組、沖動(dòng)葉輪作功后的蒸汽，進(jìn)入除氧器或加熱器。從汽閥總成、汽缸中來的凝結(jié)疏水直接排入地溝。H系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)前、后汽封漏汽直接排到汽輪機(jī)排汽管道中進(jìn)入除氧器或加熱器。T系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)前、后汽封漏汽經(jīng)汽封抽汽器，排到汽輪機(jī)排汽管道中進(jìn)入除氧器或加熱器。
第三節(jié) 汽輪機(jī)本體
汽輪機(jī)汽缸由上、下兩部分組成，其材料均為鑄鋼。汽缸上半為一整體，汽缸下半由蒸汽室、排汽缸兩部分組成。蒸汽室、排汽缸由螺栓及電焊聯(lián)接成一整體。
前、后軸承座以垂直的半圓法蘭分別與汽缸前后法蘭以螺栓及定位銷聯(lián)接，前軸承座下部有彈性支承。這些部件一起安裝在底盤上，形成汽輪機(jī)靜子。后軸承座與底盤定位銷定位，形成汽輪機(jī)靜子熱膨脹的死點(diǎn)。前軸承座下部彈性支承能吸收汽輪機(jī)靜子因膨脹而引起的軸向位移。轉(zhuǎn)子的軸向定位是用推力軸承固定在靜子上，形成相對(duì)死點(diǎn)。
汽輪機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子分別安裝在位于前軸承座與后軸承座的滑動(dòng)軸承卜，它由轉(zhuǎn)子及葉輪片組成。汽輪機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子與噴嘴組(安裝在蒸汽室內(nèi))、轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)~環(huán)組成汽輪機(jī)的通流部分。葉輪用熱裝工藝固定在轉(zhuǎn)子上，轉(zhuǎn)子一端裝有接長(zhǎng)軸，接長(zhǎng)軸上裝有危急遮斷器及轉(zhuǎn)速發(fā)訊輪。
汽輪機(jī)的徑向軸承為薄殼軸承，其潤(rùn)滑方式為甩油環(huán)采由的非強(qiáng)制潤(rùn)滑方式，前軸承還有一個(gè)止推軸承(深溝球軸承)，承擔(dān)軸向的推力，其潤(rùn)滑油來源于前徑向軸承的回油。
汽輪機(jī)的汽封系統(tǒng)由前后汽封組成，H系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)汽封采用新型炭精環(huán)機(jī)械密封結(jié)構(gòu)，T系列工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)前后汽封均采用不繡鋼汽封片結(jié)構(gòu)。
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