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中華人民共和國草原法
Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China
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中華人民共和國草原法
Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China
第一條
為了加強(qiáng)草原的保護(hù)、管理、建設(shè)和合理利用，保護(hù)和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化畜牧業(yè)，促進(jìn)民族自治地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮，適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)和人民生活的需要，根據(jù)中華人民共和國憲法，制定本法。
Article 1. This Law is formulated in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution of the People's Republic of China with a view to improving the
protection, management and development of grasslands and ensuring their rational
use; protecting and improving the ecological environment; modernizing animal
husbandry; enhancing the prosperity of the local economies of the national
autonomous areas; and meeting the needs of socialist construction and the
people's life.
第二條 本法適用于我國境內(nèi)的一切草原，包括草山、草地。
Article 2. This Law shall be applicable to all grasslands within the territory
of China, including hills and lands covered with grass.
第三條 國務(wù)院農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門主管全國的草原管理工作，縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門主管本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的草原管理工作。
Article 3. The department of farming and animal husbandry under the State
Council shall be in charge of administration concerning the grasslands in the
whole country. The departments of farming and animal husbandry of the local
people's governments at the county level and above shall be in charge of
administration concerning the grasslands in their respective administrative
areas.
第四條 草原屬于國家所有，即全民所有，由法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的草原除外。
Article 4. The grasslands are owned by the state, that is, by the whole
people, with the exception of the grasslands that are owned by collectives in
accordance with the law.
全民所有的草原，可以固定給集體長期使用。全民所有的草原、集體所有的草原和集體長期固定使用的全民所有的草原，可以由集體或者個(gè)人承包從事畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)。
Grasslands under ownership by the whole people may be assigned to collectives
for long-term use. Grasslands under ownership by the whole people, those under
collective ownership, and those under ownership by the whole people that are
assigned to collectives for long-term use may be contracted by collectives or
individuals for pursuits in animal husbandry.
全民所有制單位使用的草原，由縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府登記造冊(cè)，核發(fā)證書，確認(rèn)使用權(quán)。集體所有的草原和集體長期固定使用的全民所有的草原，由縣級(jí)人民政府登記造冊(cè)，核發(fā)證書，確認(rèn)所有權(quán)或者使用權(quán)。
With respect to grasslands used by units under ownership by the whole people,
the local people's governments at the county level or above shall register such
grasslands, issue certificates to the said units after verification and thus
establish their right to use such grasslands. With respect to grasslands under
collective ownership and those under ownership by the whole people that are
assigned to collectives for long-term use, the local people's governments at the
county level shall register such grasslands, issue certificates to the
collectives after verification and thus establish their right of ownership of
the grasslands or their right to use them.
草原的所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)受法律保護(hù)，任何單位和個(gè)人不得侵犯。
The right to own or use grasslands shall be protected by law and may not be
infringed upon by any unit or individual.
第五條 遇有自然災(zāi)害等特殊情況，需要臨時(shí)調(diào)劑使用草原的，按照自愿、互利的原則，由雙方協(xié)商解決；需要跨縣臨時(shí)調(diào)劑使用草原的，由有關(guān)縣級(jí)人民政府組織協(xié)商解決。
Article 5. If there is a need for temporary adjustments in the use of
grasslands under special circumstances, such as in the event of natural
disasters, the matter shall be settled by the parties concerned through
negotiation on the principles of voluntariness and mutual benefit. Where there
is a need for temporary adjustments in the use of grasslands that cross the
borders of different counties, the county people's governments concerned shall
sponsor negotiations for the settlement of the matter.
第六條 草原所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)的爭議，由當(dāng)事人本著互諒互讓、有利團(tuán)結(jié)的精神協(xié)商解決；協(xié)商不成的，由人民政府處理。
Article 6. Disputes over the right of ownership of grasslands or the right to
use them shall be settled by the parties concerned through negotiation on the
principle of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation in the interest of
unity. If no agreement can be reached through such negotiation, the disputes
shall be handled by the people's governments.
全民所有制單位之間、集體所有制單位之間以及全民所有制單位與集體所有制單位之間的草原所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)的爭議，由縣級(jí)以上人民政府處理。
Disputes over the right of ownership of grasslands or the right to use them
that arise between units under ownership by the whole people, between units
under collective ownership or between units under ownership by the whole people
and those under collective ownership shall be handled by the people's
governments at the county level or above.
個(gè)人之間、個(gè)人與全民所有制單位或者集體所有制單位之間的草原使用權(quán)的爭議，由鄉(xiāng)級(jí)或者縣級(jí)人民政府處理。
Disputes over the right to use grasslands that arise between individuals,
between individuals and units under ownership by the whole people or between
individuals and units under collective ownership shall be handled by the
people's governments at the township or county level.
當(dāng)事人對(duì)有關(guān)人民政府的處理決定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一個(gè)月內(nèi)，向人民法院起訴。
If the parties concerned disagree with the decision made by the people's
government, they may file a suit in a people's court within one month after they
have been informed of the decision.
在草原權(quán)屬爭議解決以前，任何一方不得破壞草原和草原上的設(shè)施。
Pending the settlement of a dispute, none of the parties concerned may destroy
the resources of the grasslands in question or the facilities therein.
第七條 國家建設(shè)征用集體所有的草原，按照《國家建設(shè)征用土地條例》的規(guī)定辦理。
Article 7. When grasslands owned by collectives are to be requisitioned for
state construction the matter shall be handled in accordance with the provisions
of the Regulations Concerning Land Requisition for State Construction.
國家建設(shè)使用集體長期固定使用的全民所有的草原，參照《國家建設(shè)征用土地條例》的規(guī)定，給予適當(dāng)補(bǔ)償，并妥善安置牧民的生產(chǎn)和生活。
If grasslands under ownership by the whole people that are assigned to
collectives for long-term use are to be used for state construction, due
compensation shall be paid to the collectives concerned and proper arrangements
made for the productive pursuits and livelihood of herdsmen with reference to
the provisions of the Regulations Concerning Land Requisition for State
Construction.
國家建設(shè)在民族自治地方征用或者使用草原，應(yīng)當(dāng)照顧民族自治地方的利益，作出有利于民族自治地方經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的安排。
If grasslands in national autonomous areas are to be requisitioned or used for
state construction, due consideration shall be given to the interests of the
national autonomous areas and arrangements made in favour of the economic
development of those areas.
國家建設(shè)臨時(shí)使用草原，按照《國家建設(shè)征用土地條例》的規(guī)定辦理。使用期滿，用地單位應(yīng)當(dāng)恢復(fù)草原植被。
The temporary use of grasslands for state construction shall be effected in
accordance with the provisions of the Regulations Concerning Land Requisition
for State Construction. When the period of use expires, the unit that has used
the grasslands shall restore the grassland vegetation.
第八條
地方各級(jí)人民政府負(fù)責(zé)組織本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的草原資源普查，制定草原畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃并納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃，加強(qiáng)草原的保護(hù)、建設(shè)和合理利用，提高草原的載畜能力。
Article 8. The local people's governments at various levels shall be
responsible for conducting general surveys of grassland resources within their
respective administrative areas and formulating plans for the development of
animal husbandry, which shall be incorporated into the plans for national
economic development, in order to improve the protection of the grasslands,
promote their development and ensure their rational use, and increase the
capacity for raising livestock on the grasslands.
第九條 國家鼓勵(lì)草原畜牧業(yè)科學(xué)研究，提高草原畜牧業(yè)的科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。
Article 9. The state shall encourage scientific research in animal husbandry
on the grasslands in order to raise the scientific and technological level in
this field of endeavour.
國家鼓勵(lì)在農(nóng)、林、牧區(qū)和城鎮(zhèn)種草，促進(jìn)畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展，改善生態(tài)環(huán)境。
The state shall encourage the growing of grass in farming, forestry and
pastoral areas and in cities and towns so as to promote the development of
animal husbandry and improve the ecological environment.
國家保護(hù)草原的生態(tài)環(huán)境，防治污染。
The state shall protect the ecological environment of the grasslands, to
prevent and control pollution.
第十條
嚴(yán)格保護(hù)草原植被，禁止開墾和破壞。草原使用者進(jìn)行少量開墾，必須經(jīng)縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府批準(zhǔn)。已經(jīng)開墾并造成草原沙化或者嚴(yán)重水土流失的，縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)限期封閉，責(zé)令恢復(fù)植被，退耕還牧。
Article 10. Rigorous measures shall be adopted to protect the vegetation of
the grasslands; land reclamation and destruction of grasslands shall be
prohibited. Reclamation of limited stretches of grassland by users of such land
must be approved by the local people's governments at the county level or above.
Where land reclamation has already caused aridity or serious soil erosion, the
local people's governments at the county level or above shall close the area for
a limited time and order the reclaimers to restore the vegetation and defer
farming for a return to animal husbandry.
第十一條
在草原上割灌木、挖藥材、挖野生植物、刮堿土、拉肥土等，必須經(jīng)草原使用者同意，報(bào)鄉(xiāng)級(jí)或者縣級(jí)人民政府批準(zhǔn)，在指定的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行，并做到隨挖隨填，保留一部分植物的母株。
Article 11. Persons who wish to cut shrubs, dig medicinal herbs or wild plants
on the grasslands, scrape alkaline earth off the grasslands or move away fertile
soil must secure the agreement of the users of the grasslands and the approval
of the people's governments at the township or county level; they must operate
within the designated areas, fill the holes in the ground immediately after
digging and keep part of the mother plants intact.
禁止在荒漠草原、半荒漠草原和沙化地區(qū)砍挖灌木、藥材及其他固沙植物。未經(jīng)縣級(jí)人民政府批準(zhǔn)，不得采集草原上的珍稀野生植物。
Cutting or digging shrubs, medicinal herbs or other sand-fixation plants on
desert or semi-desert grasslands or in arid areas shall be prohibited. No one
may collect rare and precious wild plants from the grasslands without the
approval of a people's government at the county level.
第十二條
合理使用草原，防止過量放牧。因過量放牧造成草原沙化、退化、水土流失的，草原使用者應(yīng)當(dāng)調(diào)整放牧強(qiáng)度，補(bǔ)種牧草，恢復(fù)植被。對(duì)已經(jīng)建成的人工草場應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)管理，合理經(jīng)營，科學(xué)利用，防止退化。
Article 12. Grasslands shall be used rationally and overgrazing prevented.
Where aridity, degeneration or soil erosion occurs as a result of overgrazing,
users of the grasslands shall be required to reduce grazing and resow forage
grass so as to restore vegetation. Where man-made grasslands have already been
established, extra control shall be administered; they shall be rationally
managed and used in a scientific way, so as to prevent degeneration.
第十三條 地方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施，防治草原鼠蟲害，保護(hù)捕食鼠蟲的益鳥益獸。
Article 13. The local people's governments at various levels shall take
measures to combat grassland pests and mice and protect those beneficial animals
and birds that feed on pests and mice.
第十四條 地方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施，防治草原地區(qū)牲畜疫病和人畜共患疾病。
Article 14. The local people's governments at various levels shall take
measures to prevent and treat endemic diseases among livestock and diseases
contracted commonly by both human beings and livestock in grassland areas.
獵捕草原野生動(dòng)物，應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格遵守當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裾P(guān)于預(yù)防疫病流行的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
Hunters of wild animals on the grasslands shall be required to observe
strictly the regulations of the local people's governments concerning the
prevention of epidemic diseases.
第十五條 機(jī)動(dòng)車輛在草原上行駛，應(yīng)當(dāng)注意保護(hù)草原；有固定公路線的，不得離開固定的公路線行駛。
Article 15. Motor vehicle drivers shall take care to protect the grasslands
when driving across them. Where there are regular highways, vehicles may not
deviate from them.
收購牲畜應(yīng)當(dāng)按指定的路線趕運(yùn)和放牧，不得與牧民爭用牧場和水源。
Purchasers of domestic animals shall drive and graze them along designated
routes and may not contend with herdsmen over grazing grounds or water
resources.
第十六條
加強(qiáng)草原防火工作，貫徹“預(yù)防為主，防消結(jié)合”的方針，建立防火責(zé)任制，制定草原防火制度和公約，規(guī)定草原防火期。在草原防火期間，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取安全措施，嚴(yán)格管理。發(fā)生草原火災(zāi)，應(yīng)當(dāng)迅速組織群眾撲滅，查明火災(zāi)原因和損失情況，及時(shí)處理。
Article 16. Efforts shall be strengthened to prevent fires on the grasslands,
implementing the principle of " put prevention first and combine prevention with
elimination." A responsibility system for fire prevention shall be instituted.
Fire prevention rules and pledges shall be formulated and specific periods shall
be designated for fire prevention on the grasslands. During those periods,
safety measures shall be adopted and rigorously administered. When a grassland
fire breaks out, masses of people should be organized promptly to put it out,
the cause of the fire and the losses sustained should be determined through
investigation and the case should be handled without delay.
第十七條 在保護(hù)、管理和建設(shè)草原、發(fā)展草原畜牧業(yè)等方面成績顯著的單位或者個(gè)人，由各級(jí)人民政府給予精神的或者物質(zhì)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
Article 17. Units or individuals that have achieved outstanding success in
protecting, managing and developing the grasslands or in developing animal
husbandry on the grasslands shall be given commendation or material awards by
the local people's governments at various levels.
第十八條
草原所有權(quán)、使用權(quán)受到侵犯的，被侵權(quán)人可以請(qǐng)求縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門處理。有關(guān)農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門有權(quán)責(zé)令侵權(quán)人停止侵權(quán)行為，賠償損失。被侵權(quán)人也可以直接向人民法院起訴。
Article 18. When a person's right of ownership of grasslands or his right to
use them has been infringed upon, he may apply for settlement to the farming and
animal husbandry department of the local people's government at the county level
or above. The farming and animal husbandry department concerned shall have the
power to order the infringing party to stop such infringement and compensate for
the losses sustained by the victim. The victim may also directly file a suit in
a people's court.
第十九條 違反本法規(guī)定開墾草原的，縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門有權(quán)責(zé)令停止開墾，恢復(fù)植被；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，還可以處以罰款。
Article 19. The farming and animal husbandry departments of the local people's
governments at the county level or above shall have the power to order anyone
who reclaims grassland in violation of the provisions of this Law to stop
reclaiming it and restore vegetation; a fine may be imposed in serious cases.
第二十條
違反本法規(guī)定在草原上砍挖固沙植物和其他野生植物或者采土，致使草原植被遭受破壞的，鄉(xiāng)級(jí)人民政府或者縣級(jí)人民政府農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門有權(quán)制止，并責(zé)令恢復(fù)植被，賠償損失；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，還可以處以罰款。
Article 20. If anyone damages the vegetation of the grasslands by cutting or
digging sand-fixation plants or other wild plants or by moving away soil in
violation of the provisions of this Law, the people's governments at the
township level and the farming and animal husbandry departments of the people's
governments at the county level shall have the power to stop him and order him
to restore the vegetation and compensate for the losses. A fine may be imposed
in serious cases.
第二十一條
當(dāng)事人對(duì)有關(guān)地方人民政府農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門或者鄉(xiāng)級(jí)人民政府作出的罰款或者賠償損失的決定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一個(gè)月內(nèi)，向人民法院起訴；對(duì)有關(guān)罰款的決定，期滿不起訴又不履行的，有關(guān)地方人民政府農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門或者鄉(xiāng)級(jí)人民政府可以申請(qǐng)人民法院強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。
Article 21. If a party concerned disagrees with the decision on a fine or
compensation as made by the relevant farming and animal husbandry department of
a local people's government or by a people's government at the township level,
it may file a suit in a people's court within one month of being informed of the
decision. If upon the expiration of the period a party concerned has neither
filed a suit nor obeyed the decision by paying the fine, the relevant farming
and animal husbandry department of the local people's government or the people's
government at the township level may request the people's court for compulsory
execution.
第二十二條 國務(wù)院農(nóng)牧業(yè)部門根據(jù)本法制定實(shí)施細(xì)則，報(bào)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)后施行。
Article 22. The farming and animal husbandry department under the State
Council shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its
implementation and shall submit them to the State Council for approval before
they are put into effect.
自治區(qū)、省的人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)可以根據(jù)憲法和本法規(guī)定的原則，結(jié)合本地方的特點(diǎn)，制定實(shí)施細(xì)則，報(bào)全國人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)備案。
The standing committees of the people's congresses of autonomous regions and
provinces may formulate rules for the implementation of this Law in accordance
with the provisions of the Constitution and the principles laid down in this Law
and in the light of the characteristics of their respective localities, and they
shall submit the rules to the Standing Committee of the National People's
Congress for the record.
第二十三條 本法自１９８５年１０月１日起施行。
Article 23. This Law shall come into force as of October 1, 1985.
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