青島希尼爾翻譯公司（www.shreekrishnajewellers.com）整理發(fā)布2015-11-12

希尼爾翻譯公司（www.shreekrishnajewellers.com）2015年11月12日了解到：中國(guó)最新制定的關(guān)于私家車呼叫服務(wù)的條款嚴(yán)重打擊了滴滴,快滴和優(yōu)步等公司。舊草案要求打的服務(wù)像傳統(tǒng)出租車公司一樣運(yùn)行，該法案已經(jīng)違反了法律并引起了公共行政機(jī)關(guān)專家的反對(duì)。他們呼吁對(duì)于這些軟件和整體分享的利益有一個(gè)更開(kāi)放的態(tài)度。China’s latest draft regulations on private car-hailing services may seriously harm companies such as Didi Kuaidi and Uber. The conservative draft, which requires car-hailing services to operate more like traditional taxi companies, has drawn opposition from legal and public administration experts. They have called for a more open attitude to these apps and the sharing economy in general.

Winter might be coming for car-hailing apps in China - if recent draft regulations on private car-hailing services put forward by China’s transport authorities become a reality.

如果最近起草的由中國(guó)交通局提出的關(guān)于私家車呼叫服務(wù)法案通過(guò)的話，冬天將迎來(lái)打的高峰期。

Despite vocal objections from experts, industry insiders and the public, the Ministry of Transport said those who support the new regulations outnumber those who object, according to its latest analysis of all the comments it has received in the past month.

盡管有來(lái)自于專家，業(yè)內(nèi)人士和公眾的反對(duì)，交通運(yùn)輸部表示，根據(jù)上個(gè)月收到的評(píng)論的最新分析，支持的人遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)反對(duì)的人。

The draft regulations have been open for public consultation since October 10, and experts, car-hailing companies and government officials have engaged in discussions over whether they will help regulate an industry that has long lacked clear legal standing, or nip an innovative industry in the bud.

草案自10月10日開(kāi)始公開(kāi)征詢公眾意見(jiàn)，專家人士，打的公司，政府官員都參與討論是否他們會(huì)幫助調(diào)節(jié)這一行業(yè)一直缺乏明確的法律規(guī)定,或是否應(yīng)將創(chuàng)新型行業(yè)扼殺在萌芽狀態(tài)。

At the center of the debate is a conflict between a traditional, State run system and a more self-reliant, decentralized Internet-enabled system. Most experts believe that the current draft, favoring the traditional taxi industry model, will land a severe blow on Didi Kuaidi and Uber, whose major source of service providers have been private cars and private car owners.

辯論的中心是關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)與更獨(dú)立，分散的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)之間的沖突。大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為,目前的草案支持的是傳統(tǒng)的出租車行業(yè)模型,這將嚴(yán)重打擊滴滴，快滴,優(yōu)步，這些公司服務(wù)提供商的主要來(lái)源是私家車和私人車主。

Take the wheel

駕駛

Car-hailing services currently occupy a grey legal area in China.

打的服務(wù)目前占據(jù)中國(guó)法律的灰色地帶

Although private taxis are technically illegal in China, they generally find it easy to operate despite occasional crackdowns from local governments.

在中國(guó)私家車作為出租車是非法的，盡管偶爾遭受地方政府的打擊，但他們一般都很容易操作。

The draft, if passed, will likely force such services to act more like traditional taxi companies - firms like Didi Kuaidi and Uber, will need to acquire licenses, sign employment contracts with drivers, register and set up offices in all the areas where their services are provided - which will significantly add their operating costs. They will also have to hand over their ability to set prices to local governments.

如果草案通過(guò)，它將可能迫使這些服務(wù)公司表現(xiàn)得更類似于傳統(tǒng)的出租車公司。像嘀嘀，快滴，優(yōu)步等公司將需要獲得許可證，與司機(jī)簽訂勞動(dòng)合同，登記以及在服務(wù)區(qū)設(shè)立辦事處。這都將大大增加他們的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。他們還將必須把定價(jià)的權(quán)利移交給政府。

Drivers, on the other hand, will have to take government-organized tests. They will also need to register their cars as vehicles for hire. Under China’s laws, this means their cars will have to leave the road after eight years of service. This will likely scare private car owners away from the car-hailing business as it significantly shortens their car’s lifespan.

另一方面，司機(jī)將必須參加政府組織的測(cè)試。他們還需要將車登記為租用車輛。根據(jù)中國(guó)的法律，這意味著八年服務(wù)期之后他們的汽車將報(bào)廢。這有可能會(huì)嚇到私家車車主，因?yàn)榇虻漠a(chǎn)業(yè)明顯會(huì)縮短汽車壽命。

To obtain the qualification, drivers need to take two exams. One on driving principles and practical abilities, each lasting an hour. The latter exam involves car safety inspections and emergency rescue skills, among others.

為了獲得資格證，司機(jī)需要參加兩場(chǎng)考試。一個(gè)是駕駛原理和實(shí)踐能力考試，持續(xù)一個(gè)小時(shí)。另一個(gè)是汽車安全檢查和緊急救援技能考試。

"The authorities are still using an old mindset, that taxis are taxis and private cars are private cars, erecting a huge barrier between the two. Any private car has to obtain a taxi license before they can be hired," Zhou Qiren, Dean of the National School of Development of Peking University, told Caixin Weekly.

周奇仁，北京大學(xué)國(guó)家發(fā)展研究院院長(zhǎng)，告訴財(cái)新周刊，官方仍在使用一種舊的思維模式，即出租車是出租車，私家車是私家車，兩者之間存在一個(gè)巨大的屏障。任何私家車出租之前必須獲得出租車牌照。

The regulations came just two days after Shanghai, long considered a pioneer in China’s economic reforms, became the first city in China to give legal status to a car-hailing company. It issued a license to Didi Kuaidi, the leading car-hailing company in China, on October 8.

該草案出臺(tái)僅僅2天，上海，一直以來(lái)被看作是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的先鋒，成為了第一個(gè)給予出租車呼叫公司合法地位的城市。10月8號(hào)，作為中國(guó)打的公司的領(lǐng)軍品牌，滴滴快的獲得了許可證。

Didi Kuaidi said in an announcement at the time that it was also in talks with other city governments about getting licenses, and other car-hailing companies said that they were in talks with the Shanghai government about the possibility of receiving a license. This raised the possibility that car-hailing services might soon see an expansion in China as more cities follow suit and legalize them.

同時(shí)，滴滴宣布正在與其他城市的政府談判獲得許可證事項(xiàng)。其他打的公司表示，他們?cè)谂c上海政府談判關(guān)于獲得許可證的可能性。隨著更多的城市效仿和它們的合法化，打的服務(wù)可能很快就會(huì)看到其在中國(guó)的擴(kuò)大。

But the Ministry of Transport draft has put an end to this possibility. Sun Jianping, a Shanghai traffic official, later said that the city will strictly follow national guidelines, but will enact more liberal measures in areas where the local government has authority to do so. This means that Shanghai will suspend its current plan for car-hailing apps until the national guidelines are officially decided.

然而交通運(yùn)輸部的法案否定了這一可能。蘇建平，上海交通官員之后表示，城市將嚴(yán)格遵循國(guó)家的指導(dǎo)方針，但在地方政府有權(quán)這樣做的地方，將制定更寬松的措施。這意味著上海將暫停當(dāng)前汽車呼叫應(yīng)用計(jì)劃，直到國(guó)家指導(dǎo)方針正式確定。

Road rage

公路暴力

Didi Kuaidi tactfully expressed its disapproval of the guidelines through a polite public response. In three bullet points, it argued that the government should leave more room for part-time drivers and cars, which make up 75 percent of the drivers registered on Didi Kuaidi. Taking less than four trips a day on average, they are the driving force behind the growth of car-hailing services, it said.

滴滴快的通過(guò)一個(gè)禮貌的公開(kāi)回應(yīng)婉轉(zhuǎn)地表達(dá)了對(duì)于該政策的反對(duì)。在三個(gè)方面，它認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該給予兼職司機(jī)和汽車更多的空間，這些構(gòu)成了滴滴注冊(cè)司機(jī)的75%。他們平均每天載客四次以內(nèi)，是汽車呼叫服務(wù)增長(zhǎng)背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，它說(shuō)到。

"It is them who have made it easier to hail cabs. If the cars need to register as vehicles for hire and part-time drivers must take qualification tests, most drivers, along with their cars, will likely quit our platform, and it will be once again difficult for people to call a cab," the company said.

公司說(shuō)，“他們的存在使得人們更容易呼叫計(jì)程車。如果汽車作為租用車需要登記注冊(cè)且兼職司機(jī)必須參加資格考試的話，大多數(shù)司機(jī)和車輛，可能會(huì)退出我們的平臺(tái)，人們呼叫計(jì)程車將再次變得困難?！?span id="fznv7bvjx7t" class="style43">

With investors including the China Investment Corporation - China’s sovereign wealth fund - and Alibaba, Didi Kuaidi is considered to have the biggest say in China’s taxi hailing app market, compared with other smaller or foreign players. Other companies are more discreet.

投資者們，包括中國(guó)國(guó)家投資公司—中國(guó)的主權(quán)財(cái)富基金和阿里巴巴認(rèn)為，與其他小公司和外國(guó)公司相比，滴滴在中國(guó)打車APP市場(chǎng)最具有發(fā)言權(quán)，其他公司較為差之。

Liu Zhen, who oversees US-based Uber’s China strategy, told thepaper.cn earlier that she has no objection to the guidelines. "In our operations in over 350 cities worldwide, we have more or less faced the same questions of our business preceding policymaking, and how the two should adapt to each other," she said, adding that the company has handed its comments to the Ministry of Transport.

劉真，監(jiān)督了美國(guó)的優(yōu)步在中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略，他早前告訴報(bào)社，他不反對(duì)這項(xiàng)政策。在全球超過(guò)350個(gè)城市的運(yùn)營(yíng)中，我們或多或少都面臨著業(yè)務(wù)前的政策制定，以及兩家公司的業(yè)務(wù)是如何適應(yīng)的類似問(wèn)題?！彼f(shuō)，公司已經(jīng)把意見(jiàn)遞交給了交通運(yùn)輸部。

Among the dozens of guidelines laid out in the draft, the ones that require private cars to be registered as taxis came under attack the most from experts. "The regulation has nothing to do with the sharing economy that is embraced by car-hailing services, because it forbids private cars to be shared, and copies the old system in which the government used to manage taxis," Wang Jun, associate professor at the China University of Political Science and Law, told Caixin Weekly.Wang is one of 12 more liberal experts in law, public administration and urban planning who signed an open letter last month objecting to the regulations. The letter said there are several major flaws in the guidelines and they should not be approved.

王俊，中國(guó)政法大學(xué)的副教授，告訴財(cái)新周刊，在草案中規(guī)定的幾十個(gè)準(zhǔn)則中，那些要求私家車登記為出租車的制度受到了來(lái)自專家的攻擊。該制度與打車服務(wù)帶來(lái)的分享經(jīng)濟(jì)并無(wú)關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗顾郊臆嚪窒砼c模仿政府用于管理出租車的舊制度。王先生是在法律，公共管理和城市規(guī)劃方面的12位自由專家之一，他上月簽署了一封反對(duì)該制度的公開(kāi)信。信中說(shuō)，在該制度中有幾個(gè)不應(yīng)該被批準(zhǔn)的主要缺陷。

"No one will share their new, good cars if they need to be discarded in eight years, and this means car-hailing companies will not be able to provide better cars and services," an industry insider told Caixin Weekly. Cities like Nanjing and Harbin have all previously launched high-end taxis, but these projects have mostly failed due to high operating costs and the fixed 8-year lifespan for cabs that makes it even more difficult for the earnings to cover the costs.The requirement for car-hailing companies to set up offices in every city or county where they operate was also considered absurd by the 12 experts. "Considering they are Internet-based, car-hailing platforms are naturally open to the entire nation. … It’s hard to imagine taobao.com or JD.com being required to set up branches in every county or city where their products are sent to," the letter read.

一位業(yè)內(nèi)人士告訴財(cái)新周刊，如果八年之后車將會(huì)廢棄的話，沒(méi)有人愿意分享他們的新車，這意味著打車公司將無(wú)法提供更好的汽車和服務(wù)?！背鞘校衲暇┖凸枮I，都曾推出高檔出租車，但這些項(xiàng)目大多由于高昂的經(jīng)營(yíng)成本和固定8年壽命而失敗。這也使得覆蓋成本來(lái)獲取收益更加困難。專家認(rèn)為，要求打車公司在他們運(yùn)營(yíng)的每一個(gè)城市或縣設(shè)立辦事處，簡(jiǎn)直是荒唐的。信中提到，“考慮到他們都是基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，打車平臺(tái)自然應(yīng)該開(kāi)放給整個(gè)國(guó)家……。很難想象要求淘寶或京東在他們的產(chǎn)品送到的每一個(gè)縣或市設(shè)立分支機(jī)構(gòu)。

"The guidelines ... have a strong inclination to favor the interests of the ministry," according to the letter, referring to the apparent pro-taxi bias. The letter also said the Ministry of Transport should not be the only ministry to draft car-hailing regulations, but should work with telecommunications, public security, commerce and banking authorities, among others.

“該政策很大程度上傾向于支持該部的利益。”信中所說(shuō)，指的是明顯的專車偏見(jiàn)。信中還說(shuō)，交通運(yùn)輸部不應(yīng)是起草打車法規(guī)的唯一部門(mén)，應(yīng)與電信，公安，商業(yè)和銀行業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)一起參與。

Zhang Xiaoyu, associate law professor at the Chinese Academy of Governance, said in a public post,"We need to reflect on our backward management of traditional taxis, instead of putting shackles on an emerging industry and turning them into traditional taxis. This isn’t fair play." In its public comment, Didi Kuaidi also expressed its wish for the central government to offer local governments room to explore their own management of Internet car-hailing services, citing the Shanghai model as a practical and open-minded example. "We hope the revised regulations could follow and promote the momentum of China’s sharing economy," it said.

張曉雨，中國(guó)治理學(xué)會(huì)法律教授，在一次公共演講時(shí)說(shuō)，“我們需要反思傳統(tǒng)落后的出租車管理形式，而不是把它束縛在一個(gè)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)上，把他們變成傳統(tǒng)的出租車。這不公平。” 在大眾點(diǎn)評(píng)上，滴滴快的也表達(dá)了它的期望：中央政府應(yīng)給地方政府更多自由空間來(lái)探索自己的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)打車服務(wù)管理模式，引用上海作為一個(gè)實(shí)用開(kāi)放的例子?！拔覀兿Ｍ@一修正后的法規(guī)能促進(jìn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭。”它說(shuō)。

Apparent support

明確的支持

According to the Ministry of Transport, however, more people - 440 commenters - are in favor of private cars registering as taxis than those who aren’t, who sent in a total of 379 comments, according to People’s Daily Online. Another 27 comments said the category of "online booked cars" should be created, and these cars should be given more than 8 years on the road.

據(jù)人民日?qǐng)?bào)在線報(bào)道，交通運(yùn)輸部統(tǒng)計(jì)，然而，贊成私家車登記為出租車的評(píng)論家比反對(duì)的多出440位，他們總共發(fā)送了379條評(píng)論。另外27條評(píng)論認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造“在線預(yù)訂汽車”種類，這些汽車應(yīng)該給予8年以上的壽命。

As to whether drivers should obtain qualifications, 126 commenters are in favor as opposed to 66 commenters who think it’s not necessary.The Ministry of Transport says it will revise the current draft based on these comments.

至于司機(jī)是否應(yīng)該取得資格證，126人贊成，66人反對(duì)。反對(duì)者認(rèn)為這是沒(méi)有必要的。交通運(yùn)輸部表示，將根據(jù)這些評(píng)論修訂現(xiàn)行的草案。

Wang Limei, vice chairman of the China Road Transport Association, said the new regulations are merely following what the entire road transport industry needs to comply with, that is, that cars, drivers and service operators should all meet certain qualifications. "The main purpose of the draft is public safety, and regulating qualifications will help boost that," she told Caixin Weekly.

王麗梅，中國(guó)道路運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)的副主席，她告訴財(cái)新周刊，新的法規(guī)幾乎遵循整個(gè)道路運(yùn)輸行業(yè)需要遵守的條款，也就是說(shuō)，汽車，司機(jī)和服務(wù)人員都應(yīng)該滿足一定的條件?！痹摬莅傅闹饕康氖潜Ｕ瞎舶踩?guī)范資格證將有助于推動(dòng)其正常運(yùn)行?！?span id="fznv7bvjx7t" class="style43">
來(lái)源:環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)

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